Oman has ordered 55 American AIM-9X-2 Sidewinder air-to-air
missiles, plus 36 training missiles as well as maintenance and support
equipment. Oman bought twelve F-16C fighters a decade ago, along
with some AIM 9M missiles. Last year, another 18 F-16s were ordered,
mainly to replace aging Jaguar and Hawk warplanes. Omani pilots have
become aware of how much better the 9X-2 version is,
leading to the latest missile order.
The latest version of the Sidewinder, the AIM-9X-2, has come a long
way from the first Sidewinder of the 1950s. The 9X-2 can
lock-on-after-launch. That is, the missile can be fired and then
directed to a target via a datalink. That means it can be fired at
ground targets or at an enemy aircraft behind you. The X-2 version also
makes improvements in the warhead fuze and other
components. As impressive as all these features most are already
found in similar missiles made in several other countries (including
Russia and China). In effect, the X-2 version is just keeping
up. What the U.S. sells, in addition, is an impressive track record
of reliability and actually performing as expected in combat. Over 4,000
X model Sidewinders have been built since it entered
service in 2003. Block II (X-2) entered service four years ago and
cost about half a million dollars each.
The AIM-9 is a heat seeking missile, and the heat sensors have
become much more sensitive since the first AIM-9 entered service half a
century ago. The current versions of the missile work by
detecting a heat source at the point where the pilot is looking.
This is done using the JHMCS (Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing Systems),
which allows a pilot to see, displayed on his visor, critical
flight and navigation information. Sort of like a see-through
computer monitor or HUD (Head Up Display). Most importantly, the pilot
can turn his head towards a target, get an enemy aircraft or
ground target into the crosshairs displayed on the visor and fire a
missile that will promptly go after target the pilot was looking at. For
Sidewinder the pilot has to be looking at something
giving off enough heat to catch the attention of the missile's heat
sensor. With the X-2 Sidewinder the pilot can launch the missile before
he has located the target via the JHMCS, saving a
critical few seconds.
The JHMCS is already used with some air-to-ground missiles, although
no special air-to-ground software was needed for Sidewinders fired at
ground targets. Instead, the air-to-air software was
modified. This is important because one of the reasons for this mod
was to give the F-15C, which carries no air-to-ground weapons (it's
strictly an air-to-air fighter) some air-to-ground
capability. In addition, fighter-bombers (like the F-18, F-16, F-22,
and F-35) will now be able to use their air-to-air weapons in a pinch,
once all their actual air-to-ground weapons are gone.
Although over half a century old, the Sidewinder has been the most
effective air-to-air missile ever produced. The first Sidewinder
(AIM-9B) was 3 meters (9.3 feet) long, weighed 71 kg (156
pounds), and had a max range of five kilometers. The most current
model, the AIM-9X, is the same size, weighs 87 kg (191 pounds), and has a
max range of over 20 kilometers. All models have a
warhead weighing about 10 kg (22 pounds). The AIM-9X can go after
the target from all angles, while the AIM-9B could only be used from
directly behind the target. The AIM-9X is about seven times
more likely to bring down the target than the AIM-9B. The 9X entered
service in 2000, but the older 9M is nearly as accurate, although
without the additional flexibility and capabilities.
While air force planners would like to do away with short range,
heat seeking missiles, depending on longer ranged, radar guided missiles
instead, that is not likely to happen any time soon.
Radars and other sensors are still not reliable enough to prevent
hostile aircraft from first becoming aware of each other when they are
quite close. At that point the cheaper, smaller and
increasingly very capable heat seekers are the weapon of choice.